EDUCATIONAL DATA MINING USING R PROGRAMMING AND R STUDIO

Data Mining is the extraction of knowledge from the large databases. Data Mining had affected all the fields from combating terror attacks to the human genome databases. For different data analysis, R programming has a key role to play. R Studio, an effective GUI for R Programming is used extensively for generating reports based on several current trends models like random forest, support vector machine etc. It is otherwise hard to compare which model to choose for the data that needs to be mined. This paper analyses the performance of B.A. students ofDibrugarhUniversitywith respect to caste and gender

Cadmium sulphide transducers : thick vacuum-deposited films for ultrasonic shear-mode low-frequencey operation

The primary aim of this research project was to deposist thick-film (low-frequency) s-mode CdS piezoelectric transducers directly onto copper or aluminium rods which formed part of the welding-electrode of a spot-welding machine. These transducers were to replace the discrete transducers used in a set-up for the "on-machine" evaluation of spot-welds. A secondary aim was to deposit very thin CdS films on glass slides for use as microwave resonators. The dependence of film adhesion on film thickness, and crystallographic orientation changes with thickness imposed an upper limit on the thickness of transducers with adequate properties for applications. The final goal, established through experience on the project, was to determine how thick piezoelectric films could be deposited to make useful transducers. Highly stoichiometric (deviations from stoichiometry of the order of 1 part in 10^13 ) and highly resistive (> 10^10 Ω.m.), and highly oriented films up to 100 μm thick have been successfully deposited on Ae rod substrates. Two deposition techniques were used : CdS/S electron beam bombardment evaporation and Cd/S isothermal cells. Provided that the temperature of the vapour molecules was less than 400 degrees C and that the pumping speed could be increased at will , then, the faster the deposition rate, the sharper the oblique c-axis preferred orientation, and the better the piezoelectric performance of the films. The pumping speed limited the deposition rate to 10 μm.h^- 1. Appreciable thermal stresses in the films gave rise to large forces which induced the thick-films to flake off or disintegrate. The dependence of film adhesion on film thickness is explained in terms of the inequality between the forces which bind the film to the substrate (independent of thickness) and the forces which induce the film to flake off (proportional to thickness). Thick CdS films were made to adhere to the substrate by making the substrate surface rouqher so that the films "keyed-in". No appreciable temperature gradients existed in the CdS films during growth, either across their thicknesses or along their surfaces. No changes in temperature gradients occurred in the films due to changes in film orientation, and vice versa. Up to a certain critical thickness, the c-axes of most CdS film crystallites aligned themselves with the direction of the vapour beam. When the thickness of the film exceeded the critical thickness, the growth of oblique crystallites was stifled and the film's c-axis tilted towards the substrate-normal and eventually became parallel to it. This was confirmed by etching-back a thick CdS film which was deposited at oblique vapour incidence. A model is presented for the "stifling process” which gives the relation between the critical thickness, the grain size and the deposition angle of the film. For a given deposition environment, the stifling process imposed an upper limit on the thickness of an s-mode transducer. The use of copper substrates, and of copper parts inside the deposition chamber, was abandoned because of the corrosive action of sulphur on copper. Cu/CdS junctions were nearly ohmic, and the anomalous behaviour of these junctions is explained in terms of the reaction between Cu and S to form Cu2S. CdS s-mode transducers with untuned two-way insertion loss of 35 dB in a 50 ohm system have been successfully deposited on glass slides for operation at frequencies down to 20 MHz. The stress in CdS films on glass slides was much less than that on Ae rods. It is possible that the higher stress in films on Ae rods weakened their piezoelectric performance

Management of boxers fracture with single antegrade bent K-wire

Background: Fractures of the neck of fifth metacarpal are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practice. Management of these fractures is a debatable topic with treatment varying from conservative management to surgical fixation. In our study we used a pre-bent k wire in antegrade fashion to achieve fracture fixation. We found that pre-bent K wire provides an excellent reduction with good correction of neck shaft angle and good restoration of movements at the metcarpo-phalyngeal and inter-phalyngeal joints. Pre-bent K wire provides an efficient and economical modality of fixation in fracture neck of fifth metacarpal fractures.Methods: All patients presenting with fracture neck of fifth metacarpal were managed by pre-bent K wire in antegrade fashion by a single surgeon using a single prebent K wire.Results: All the fractures involved the dominant hand (16 right and 6 left). The mean duration of surgery was 24 mins. Intra operatively the mean no of X ray shoots were 12. At the end of the follow-up there was no significant difference in the TAM in the affected and the unaffected hand. The p=0.17. The mean DASH at the end of the follow up was 2.42. The mean fracture healing time was 45 days.Conclusions: Boxers fracture is very common fracture type in young active adults. Conservative management is usually associated with shorting and angular deformities. Percutenous fixation of the fracture with bent K wire placed in antegrade fashion provides good stability at the fracture site.

Comparative study between transforaminal epidural selective nerve root block versus interlaminar epidural in the treatment of lumbar radicular leg pain

Background: Sciatic neuralgia is a result of nerve root oedema because of the inflammatory, immunological and mechanical factors. Steroid injections play an important role in the management of sciatic radiculopathy. Steroids act by reducing the oedema around the nerve roots and decreasing pain. Locally administered steroids have the advantage of reduced dosage and targeted delivery around the nerve roots. This forms the basis of epidural steroid injections. This can be given around the nerve root in the transforaminal space or in the interlaminar space. There is a paucity of literature comparing the two techniques of epidural steroid injections. We have done a randomized comparative trial, to compare the effectiveness of the two modalities of injection in the management of a single level unilateral foraminal disc herniation.Methods: Patients were randomized in two groups Group A: Transforaminal epidural (SNRB) and Group B: interlaminar epidural. Same dose of steroid was used in each group.Results: Immediate post injection, 2 week and 1 month transforaminal epidural (SNRB) was better compare to interlaminar epidural however at the end of 3 months the difference was not significant (p=0.08).Conclusions: Both transforaminal and interlaminar epidural injection are effective form of treatment in mild to moderate grade of disc disease. Both the technique provide short lasting relief in the symptoms associated with disc pathology, however pain management is better in transforaminal group compared to interlaminar group. Thus these techniques can be considered for delaying surgery and providing intermitant relief.

Journal of Education for Library and Information Science (JELIS) Through Bibliometric Lenses

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to examine the published data from the journal of Education for Library and Information Science (JELIS). A quarterly journal of the Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE). The study\u27s goal is to provide a venue for exchanging ideas and research in the library field. Designed/methodology/approach: The Journal of Education for Library and Information Science (JELIS) published work between 2015 and 2021 is analyzed using a bibliometric technique. The Authorship Pattern is part of the analysis. Contributions from various organizations and the most dynamic authorship and geographic distribution of the published work. Research limitation(s): The research was limited to five years of performance from 2015 to 2021, and no other factors were considered for this paper. Key finding(s): During 2015-21, a total of 445 Authors contributed 230 papers, averaging 5.2 articles per issue. According to the study, single authors authored 131 (57 percent) of the 230 publications, and the most prolific authors were from the United States of America. Practical implication(s): According to this study, the current style and publication procedures have gaps and loopholes. The analysis will surely raise awareness among potential authors, readers, and library information professionals in general and Journal of Education for Library and Information Science (JELIS) stakeholders and scholars. This research will aid in determining the journal\u27s scope and coverage. Contribution to knowledge: The present research will further highlight the scope of JELIS and contribute a handsome knowledge for the scholars in Canada and abroad. Stakeholders of the Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) and editors of this journal will boost their quality by reading this article. This contribution is the first attempt on JELIS and no other paper relevant to bibliometric on this journal has been contributed by others. This will also help novice researchers who want to research bibliometric examination of various journals and scholarly databases. It will add a scholarly realm by assisting and expanding knowledge’s boundaries

Youth in Pakistan: Priorities, realities and policy responses

Youth is a pivotal stage during which the right policies and interventions in the health, social, educational, and economic sectors can protect young people against risks, and turn the trajectories of their lives toward a safe and productive path of growth. This report explores some of the key issues facing youth in Pakistan, in the main spheres marking their transition to adult roles. It also presents the results of an age-based segmentation analysis capturing where youth in Pakistan stand in terms of school enrollment, work force participation, and marriage, with a view to identifying the broad developmental priorities for each cohort. This is followed by a brief look at current policies and strategies, and the interventions of government and nongovernmental stakeholders for youth development. The report concludes with remarks about the adequacy of current arrangements for affording our youth healthy transitions to adulthood, and preliminary suggestions for future research and action

Human Body Posture Recognition Approaches: A Review

Human body posture recognition has become the focus of many researchers in recent years. Recognition of body posture is used in various applications, including surveillance, security, and health monitoring. However, these systems that determine the body’s posture through video clips, images, or data from sensors have many challenges when used in the real world. This paper provides an important review of how most essential ‎ hardware technologies are ‎used in posture recognition systems‎. These systems capture and collect datasets through ‎accelerometer sensors or computer vision. In addition, this paper presents a comparison ‎study with state-of-the-art in terms of accuracy. We also present the advantages and ‎limitations of each system and suggest promising future ideas that can increase the ‎efficiency of the existing posture recognition system. Finally, the most common datasets ‎applied in these systems are described in detail. It aims to be a resource to help choose one of the methods in recognizing the posture of the human body and the techniques that suit each method. It analyzes more than 80 papers between 2015 and 202

Synthesis of novel polymers of intrinsic microporosity for potential application as gas separation membranes

The work reported in this thesis describes the successful preparation of three classes of polymer that were designed to possess intrinisic microporosity from a range of aromatic tetrahydroxy and diamine monomers. The tetrahydroxy family of monomers were used to prepare a number of polybenzodioxane polymers and co-polymers using the chemistry developed for the archetypal PIM-1. Two co-polymers formed films suitable for gas permeability measurements indicating that they transport gases at high selectivity but lower permeability as compared to PIM-1. The diamino-containing monomers were used to prepare a number of polyimides (PIM-PIs) using well-established polymerisation chemistry and also some Troger’s base polymers (PIMTBs) using a recently developed polymerisation method. A series of TB-PIMs with different substituents next to the amino group (H and CH3) and containing various pendant groups were prepared in order to establish structure-property relationships. Some of these polymers proved microporous with surface areas ranging from 22-510 m2/g. Unfortunately, none were suitable for film formation or gas permeation measurements. PIM-PIs were prepared from diamino monomers based on bulky 1,4-ditritylbenzene (BAB), adamantane (AD) and trifluorodiaminoaryl (TFA) units by reaction with commercial 4,4′- (hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA). Some of these polymers also demonstrated microporosity with surface areas ranging from 8-560 m2/g. Two polymers (PIM-AD5- PI and PIM-AD6-PI), exhibited good solubility, excellent thermal stability and intrinsic microporosity, with the introduction of highly rigid and bulky groups adjacent to the imide group. PIM-AD5-PI and PIM-AD6-PI demonstrate a very good combination of high permeability and good selectivity for CO2/CH4, H2/N2 and H2/CH4 gas pairs with data that lie close to the Robeson 2008 upper bounds, which is the benchmark for the evaluation of the potential of a new polymer for making gas separation membranes. Finally, a series of trifluoromethyl (CF3) containing PIM-PIs were prepared. Again, it was found that by increasing the rigidity of the polymers by increasing the number of methyl substituents a greater amount of intrinsic microporosity is generated by the polymer. Seven polymers of this series formed robust films suitable for gas permeability measurements and demonstrated good selectivity for CO2/CH4, O2/N2, H2/N2 and H2/CH4 gas pairs with data that lie near the 2008 upper bounds

A Hybrid Deep Spatio-Temporal Attention-Based Model for Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis Using Resting State EEG Signals

Parkinson's disease (PD), a severe and progressive neurological illness, affects millions of individuals worldwide. For effective treatment and management of PD, an accurate and early diagnosis is crucial. This study presents a deep learning-based model for the diagnosis of PD using resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. The objective of the study is to develop an automated model that can extract complex hidden nonlinear features from EEG and demonstrate its generalizability on unseen data. The model is designed using a hybrid model, consists of convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU), and attention mechanism. The proposed method is evaluated on three public datasets (Uc San Diego Dataset, PRED-CT, and University of Iowa (UI) dataset), with one dataset used for training and the other two for evaluation. The results show that the proposed model can accurately diagnose PD with high performance on both the training and hold-out datasets. The model also performs well even when some part of the input information is missing. The results of this work have significant implications for patient treatment and for ongoing investigations into the early detection of Parkinson's disease. The suggested model holds promise as a non-invasive and reliable technique for PD early detection utilizing resting state EEG

Probabilistic Optimization Techniques in Smart Power System

Uncertainties are the most significant challenges in the smart power system, necessitating the use of precise techniques to deal with them properly. Such problems could be effectively solved using a probabilistic optimization strategy. It is further divided into stochastic, robust, distributionally robust, and chance-constrained optimizations. The topics of probabilistic optimization in smart power systems are covered in this review paper. In order to account for uncertainty in optimization processes, stochastic optimization is essential. Robust optimization is the most advanced approach to optimize a system under uncertainty, in which a deterministic, set-based uncertainty model is used instead of a stochastic one. The computational complexity of stochastic programming and the conservativeness of robust optimization are both reduced by distributionally robust optimization.Chance constrained algorithms help in solving the constraints optimization problems, where finite probability get violated. This review paper discusses microgrid and home energy management, demand-side management, unit commitment, microgrid integration, and economic dispatch as examples of applications of these techniques in smart power systems. Probabilistic mathematical models of different scenarios, for which deterministic approaches have been used in the literature, are also presented. Future research directions in a variety of smart power system domains are also presented.publishedVersio